Handbook

Lx 2013

Installation and configurations

Davide Garatti

Davide_01

Please, this is only a first release of my handbook for OpenMandriva Lx, in my terrible english, probably, there will be a lot of grammatical error,but  i think it could be useful as guidance in any case.

Some pictures still refer to italian version, but in the next releases I'm going to upgrade all the pictures.

Thank you for your patience.....

Changes from previus version

Version 1.0

First release of Garatti's handbook for OpenMandriva Lx 2013 in English

GENERAL INDEX

1INTRODUCTION

Here is the first official release of the new association OpenMandriva, with its OpenMandriva Lx distribution (Lx stands for Linux, seeing that OpenMandriva is also the name of the foundation).

As usual, this manual is intended as a simple guide to follow step by step, to complete the installation, and the first configuration, immediately after installing the new operating system.

It will be based on the 2013 version of OpenMandriva Lx


This is just one of many ways to configure OpenMandriva Lx

2FEATURES OpenMandriva 1.1 Lx 2013

Libreoffice :  Release 4.1.3

Firefox        :        Release 25.0.1

Amarok : Release 2.8.0

Gimp  : Release 2.8.6

hplip  : Release 3.13.10

Digikam : Release 3.5.0

Glibc  : Release 2.18

rpm  : Release 5.4.10

Link utili:

The ISO can be put on USB sticks thanks to hybrid ISO, see 3.5.1.1.Set the ISO to USB Pen

3Installation of the basic system

3.1Existing Configuration

1. 1) A system with Win NT, 2000, XP, Vista, Seven or greater.
   2) System with Win 95,98, ME
   3) A system with no Operating System

In the first two cases there should be a partition where we will go to install Linux, to do so we can use, for example, programs like Partition Magic or utilities of Windows ®, or entrust to the partitioning application (and resizing) of OpenMandriva, in all these cases is always appropriate to provide running a defragmentation of partitions windows ®, in order to simplify any process of resizing the partition.

Note:With the passage of time also the process of resizing of NTFS partitions has become common, and "safe", then choose the application on the basis of your knowledge.

If you do not have any S.O. , third case, so just procede with installation.

3.3Hardware detection

La maggior parte delle periferiche (stampanti, scanner, modem) e di dispositivi interni (EIDE, SATA, SCSI, schede video, schede audio, ecc) sono riconosciuti e trattati senza difficoltà.
Alcune difficoltà possono sorgere con chipset di nuova generazione e hardware.

È possibile avviare la distribuzione in modalità LIVE, ma io, sempre suggerisco di fare una ricerca su internet delle varie parti che compongono il vostro PC, laptop o netbook che sia, prestando attenzione alla scheda grafica, e non dare nulla per scontato.

3.4Preliminary checks

Once you have identified the partition on which to install Linux, would be better get information on your hardware, in particular mode about the

type of:

video card
sound Card
chipset mother board
Any SATA drivers
printer
special devices (USB HDTV, etc.)
etc..

Note: The important information are not the name or brand of the card, for example the video card's model, but rather the name of the chipset and GPU mounted on them.

Is always a good idea have the most information possible about your hardware, but this no depends on the operating system, it's just a good rule.

Omit this step does not imply any problem with the installation, but it serves, more than anything else, to understand eventual problem in advance

3.5Flow diagram of installation

3.6Installing the Operating System

Set the BIOS's option "PNP OS installed" = NO

NOTE: To access the BIOS press the specified key on the screen during the earliest phases of system startup.

The buttons can usually be F10, DEL, depends on the BIOS manufacturer.

If you have a device with UEFI BIOS is better to make sure, via Internet, on any procedures to install a new operating system.

Also check any issues about SecureBoot option.

3.6.1Downloading the ISO images

The ISO images for the installation of OpenMandriva Lx can be found on the official site

http://www.openmandriva.org

The ISO file will also be accessible directly through the various mirrors

The state of the mirrror can be checked via the following link

http://downloads.openmandriva.org/mm/

The one closest to us (Italy)  is the Garr
http://unity.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/unity/isos/OpenMandrivaLx/2013.0/

And of course what you download is an ISO image of OpenMandriva Lx 2013 who have to be compliant with your system.

Then 32-bit ( i586 ) or 64 bit ( x86_64). The Iso Image will go burned on a DVD media or inserted into a USB device .

Typically you have a voice , " write the ISO image to CD or DVD " in your burning program .

NOTE

And also a good idea download the small text file which contains the MD5 checksum, Usually programs's burning have the possibility to check the checksum on the downloaded ISO file.

If it is not so, or you are going to insert iso file into a USB stick, then you can use the command "md5sum <File name>.iso" and then check with that downloaded from the site.

If the string matches the download was successful without errors otherwise re-download the files from the internet .

Coming from Windows, you can download a free program from http://www.winmd5.com/ to perform the calculation and subsequent verification.

I Council of burn the ISO image to DVD at a low speed (8x - 10x ), especially if you are using rewritable media .

3.6.1.1Set the ISO to USB Pen

The ISO can be inserted into a USB stick with ability ⩾  to 2G in the usual way :

1) Download the ISO image of Lx OpenMandriva you want.
2) Insert the usb stick , verify what device has been engaged, with the dmesg command  (you         have to look for sdb , sdc , or otherwise) .

 remember the device name  without taking into account the number.

        The device must not be mounted.
4) Go to the directory that contains the ISO image
5 ) Become Administrator ( su -)
6 ) Give the command:

dd if=<fullpath>/OpenMandrivaLx-2013.0.x86_64.iso of =/dev/sdx bs=1M

Where:

The full path is the full path to the directory containing the ISO file in my case

/home/davide/Downloads/

OpenMandriva-2013.x86_64.iso is the name of the ISO file you downloaded
/dev/sdx is the device associated to your USB stick

so for example :
dd if = /home/davide/Scaricati/OpenMandrivaLx-2013.0.x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=1M

The USB pen obtained, can be used to perform installations , or try OpenMandriva

NOTE: To use the Live takes at least 1.5 G of ram

Note:
If you do not have a Linux system to perform the procedure or do you prefer a convenient graphical interface , you can use the program developed by Rosalab called :

Rose - ImageWriter

you can download it from the following link :

http://wiki.rosalab.ru/en/index.php/ROSA_Installation

and it is available for the following S.O.

for Windows ™ (3.6 Mb)
for Linux 32 -bit (11.7 Mb)
for Linux 64 -bit (11.6 Mb)
for Mac ® OS X (7.7 Мб )

Simply select the ISO and the USB device ... and you press the "Write"

3.6.2Installing directly from Live DVD / USB  (IN MODIFICA)

Insert the DVD or USB flash drive on which you downloaded the ISO image and boot the system.

Press the function key to launch the boot menu that now all PCs have, and who allows you to select the device from which to boot,  usually ' "F8" .

In the case, PC has dated, you need to set the BIOS to external media from CD / DVD / USB or E-SATA .

The installation of OpenMandriva Lx 2013 is very simple, and results in a time varying between 10 and 25 minutes .... depends on the performance of the PC and the reader / writer used during installation.

The first screen allows you to choose the type of boot available,

refer to the two methods of "direct installation" or "post-installation", plus a section about troubleshooting, for disk and memory controls.


Start OpenMandriva 2013
Install OpenMandriva 2013
Install OpenMandriva 2013 basic graphics mode

troubleshooting

The first entry starts OpenMandriva in Live mode (only memory )

and the others two entries will be used to directly install our new operating system.

If you do not have a PC too old, use the second option .

In this chapter we will see how to install the OS directly, then choose the item:

Install OpenMandriva 2013

You will need to wait some time for the start of a base of support to the installation program:


Here are the steps in sequence:

1) Select your language, press NEXT	2) Accept the license agreement, then press OK
3) Choose the Time Zone	4) Select the correct time
5) select the appropriate mapping of the keyboard, and press Next	6) Select the first two items
	7) In this step, you choose how to partition the disk.   If you have not others S.O. or you do not have special needs partitioning used the Voice "Erase and use entire disk".   This simplified display will be very useful in case of re-installation (with partitions already made​​) or installation disk empty.   I would still recommend always  the third option "Custom Partitioning" with which we have the following advantages:   A) Increased awareness, of the operations that we are making. B) The ability to have a more accurate management of the various partitions and hard disks, which are present in the computer.
Use the program is very intuitive, just click on one partition and in addition to the various information about it, you will trigger the commands you can use, as the "delete partition" to "format", etc..     Una volta completate le partizioni si clicca su FATTO.	You need to create, at least: 1) a root partition, with mounting point set to "/" (EXT4 file-system - [*]) 2) A swap partition, with a size typically double the RAM. If you have 512MB or more, you can set the size of the swap partition to the value of the ram installed. then: RAM (MB) Swap note <512 RAM x 2   512M 512MB   1G 512MB o 1G [**] >1G 512MB o 1G [**] >1G equal to the installed memory   only to allow hibernation [**]   What we need to do is essentially assign to all partitions, even those "Windows®" a mount point (mount). It 'absolutely necessary to have a Linux partition with mount point "/"   CAREFUL NOT PERFORM ANY OTHER ACTIONS ON Windows® PARTITIONS (Press Only "POINT OF MOUNT" and assign a path /mnt /windows or /mnt/disco_C rather than /Disk_C or /Disk_D.)
[* ] The type of file system is a personal choice , start with the default ( currently the EXT4 ) then by the time you can try the other , of course in future installations. [** ] It is not necessary to go beyond the 1GB , however, given the current capacity of the disks , if you want you can increase the size of the swap partition up to 2G or more. In case you want to use the swap for hibernation process , set the swap memory at exactly the same amount of memory installed in the system , for example 4G RAM then set 4G of memory swap . Swap =1G is fine  for  normal use I remind you that in case you had already set the swap to a lower value , and you want to still use or you wanto just try the hibernate process , you can use a swap file. http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1042946 Some prefer to create a partition "/ home " ( EXT4 file system ) which will house the default directories of the users, you do it in case you want to leave intact your documents and settings.   However , since it is a good idea, create a backup of your data (possibly in another partition or better still another disk if available, and given that , personally, I prefer to see the default settings of the new versions of KDE and OpenMandriva Lx , it has become my habit don't use a separate partition for / home. Choose whether to create or less depending on your needs. If you have space you can forecast to create partitions for backups or a partitions with FAT32/NTFS filesystem to share files among Windows ®, and Linux . This is to facilitate the achievement of the files on Linux when you are using Windows® , whereas when you use Linux , there are no problems. NOTE: # Name of the devices EIDE (PATA) and SATA # The names of the devices depend on the type of interface and the type of controller (PATA and SATA) , usually the HD and CD / DVD drive connected to the EIDE interfaces are devices hooked to HDx . Where x stands for the first letter available . This means that , in the case of two connected HD PATA IDE interface 0 and two CD-ROM on the first IDE interface , we have the following devices:   PATA (IDE) Mater/Slave Devices IDE 0 Master hda IDE 0 Slave hdb IDE 1 Master hdc IDE 1 Slave hdd   SATA disks use the devices instead Sdx and then if we had another SATA disk device that would be attached to the SDA. In both cases, the next number in the sequence of letters specifies the partition on the hard, pay attention because these numbers can also be non-contiguous.
8) Press "Done" to start formatting the partition and the actual installation of the OS	Start the installation of the system, we'll just have to wait for a time that depends on the overall performance of the system on which you are installing OpenMandriva Lx 2013 At the end of the installation process will reach the last step, namely the installation of the boot loader ....
	9) Reduce the wait time before boot if there is no other OS Installed on the system (3 Seconds are fine). Press "Next" Note: If you are installing the S.O. On an E-Sata HD then outside, or if you have a bay for more HD, remember to select the boot device for it. In this way you can use the PC's boot manager to select the device, without affecting in any way the main HD / internal.
	At this point you will be prompted to reboot the system and remove the installation media (DVD or USB pen drive that is) Then press the "Finish"
Reboot System There will be only two items and there will infuse the menu to enter any boot options, or otherwise.
10), here's where we're going to mask the password of the system administrator. Insert it and press the button "Next"	11) We insert all the data related to the first user, the others will be added later.
	We reaffirm the choices made earlier.
The installation of OpenMandriva Lx is over, you just have to enter the user password you just entered and access the KDE desktop.

3.6.3Boot DVD Live and installation

NOTE: To use the Live takes at least 1.5 G of ram


To install after launching and tried the Live simply need to select the boot entry:

Start OpenMandriva 2013

As usual you have to wait a bit to the base system starts ....
The steps are almost identical to those we have already seen in the previous section.

1) You choose your language	2) Accept the license agreement
3) You set your time zone	4) choosing the time
5) select the keyboard mapping	6) Select the first two items
7) Do you expect to get into the KDE4 desktop from which we can launch the installation wizard. Program that is in the tools section of the menu item OpenMandriva to Install OpenMandriva Live. The steps are those shown in chapter 2.5.2.Installazione diretta da Live DVD

3.6.4Upgrade from previous version

I almost always advise against direct upgrade from one version to the next distribution, except for special reasons or evidence.

The operation should work, but there are too many variables that could derail the operation.
The operations that we often do on our systems, and we forget, (installing programs, various configurations, etc.), but also update libraries and programs based on continuous and heavy development (see KDE), may lead to the need to resolve conflicts between installed packages and those yet to be updated.

However, those who want to engage in this experience will be enough to replace the repository with the next upgrade.
Remember to perform a final update of the current version of the operating system, the first to provide the replacement and upgrade of the repository to OpenMandriva Lx 2013

3.6.5Removing unnecessary packages

Please do not use this command, because it is currently plagued by a bug (291)

Since these installations made of the Live versions installed, Driver carries with it completely useless.
So one of the first things to do 'just to remove the packages unusable.

Then open a terminal and become an administrator
[david @ iron] $ su -
Enter the root password
[david @ iron] # remove-unused-hardware
complete the steps ....

4Configuring ADSL

Leaving aside the configuration of a connection to the internet via regular phone line, in the following paragraphs I will discuss, in broad terms, the configuration of ADSL lines.

Notes:
1) prefer ADSL router with Ethernet interface.
2) in the case of routers on loan for use would be better ask  specifically one with an Ethernet interface. (now they all are so)

Perform a search on the internet, to seek guidance specific to your hardware (routers, etc.) and also for your provider.

By now all providers supply their device with capabilities rooter / switch, Ethernet connections, and consequently most of the time everything is resolved by inserting the Ethernet cable into the RJ45 socket of the PC, the system is already set up to receive the address and other information via DHCP.

4.1ADSL Ethernet

Typically you access the ADSL line via an ADSL router with an Ethernet connection, in case there is provided a USB device, is better to request specifically a rooter with Ethernet interface (or both interfaces).

With an ethernet device, everything is resolved with the connection of the network card to the router via RJ45 Ethernet cable and the usual configuration of the network card, and then click:

Configure your Computer
network and connectivity
Network Connections

The network adapters are recognized perfectly, so from the outset there is already an interface configured via DHCP, and already connected.   Selecting the connection and pressing the Edit button you can change the name, or the characteristics of the connection (for example by setting a static IP address)   The various tabs refer to the various types of interfaces that we have on the PC (fixed, wireless, mobile, etc.)

In case you're into an enterprise network, you also need to configure the proxy that will allow you access to the outside world. Select the item and choose the appropriate way to configure the system (via url or directly via the IP address and port)

4.2ADSL USB

In this case, look for guides on the net relating to your devices, often you have to install some packages, and additional drivers.

Typically, the support is good, but to avoid any problems, it is better to inquire first on the compatibility of the device with the Linux operating system.

4.3GPRS/HSDPA Con dispositivi USB

This type of USB devices are GPRS or HSDPA, they are provided by virtually all providers, and allow fast access to the Internet on any portable or not device.

The first consideration is actually always the same, you must inquire about the model of the USB stick, and its compatibilty with Linux. All providers have different hardware suppliers and are able to provide you different models. So far I have only been able to test some devices including

"Huawei E169 HSDPA".
And the key station 2 of the Vodafone K3806-Z

Of course, they could be models not available in other countries.
However, if the device is compatible, the procedure will deviate only slightly from the description.

You usually need to insert the device, and wait for a moment and then begin the configuration using the Network Manager widget in the system tray:

	The steps are few, totally driven, and intuitive. Let's see them! Open the Network Manager let's move on TAB on the mobile "Mobile Broadband" and start the configuration process by pressing the    "Add" button.
	The key should be inserted already been recognized. If you see this already in the dropdown menu there will be problems, otherwise look on the internet the information on your device. Press "Next"
	We select our country, and press "Next" Used to narrow down your options later.
	We select the service provider, in this case Vodafone, and press the "Next" button
	This option is perhaps the most difficult to evaluate the pull-down menu offers some options for the data plan, and it is best not to make mistakes, as is clearly stated in the note. In the case of Vodafone's key station 2 option is the "Default" then continue the configuration by pressing the "Next" Also ensure that your contract carefully to avoid problems!
	You will see a summary screen that we will actually finish the setup process. So one last Click on the "Finish" button

The setup procedure is finished now just turn it on when needed.

Every time we will want to make an internet access, we will simply insert the USB device, wait a moment, go to the Network Manager and press on the item Vodafone in the list of connections.   The LED in the device will change color depending on the type of connection available, and depending on the device model

The devices and the operators are so many, so the configuration procedures,
but above all the options to choose from, can be different and not all of which are the following may be a manual.
So it is always the advice, inquire at least the parameters to be included (and the presence of any PIN).
The procedure configuration remains simple.

Note: Before you buy a device, it is better make a search on the internet to check the compatibility with Linux, especially on newer devices.

4.4ADSL via WIFI

The procedure is as simple as connecting to physical Ethernet with RJ45, if the interface is recognized and configured, you will find into the connection manager just saw the wireless card enabled.

The connection can also be configured by pressing the icon on the system tray, at the bottom right in the main panel of the desktop.

In these interfaces will find all detected networks, we will just have to choose our, or that you want, and complete the necessary information, as usual.

Is usually sufficient:

• •Cipher mode 

• •password (encryption key) 

5SYSTEM UPDATE (security and bug fix) (ADSL)

The upgrade system allows you to eliminate known vulnerabilities, fix software bugs that have been resolved, and update drivers, programs, and libraries.
To make this possible, you will need to perform some operations that will allow us also to take advantage of a virtually unlimited amount of software packages.

Immediately after installing the system, I always suggest to do an update.

OF COURSE IT IS NECESSARY TO A FAST INTERNET CONNECTION (DSL)

Note:
If you wanted to delete all previously set repository, use the command:

#urpmi.removemedia -a

5.1Configuration of the various repository OFFICIAL

From OpenMandriva Control Center (Configure your computer)
section:

"Management Software"

choose the item:
"Configure the sources for install and update"

	In case there are the DVD or CD media cater to remove them with the appropriate button. To insert the new on-line press ADD
	Verify that your Internet connection is active (if it is not activate it) and accept to contact the website by pressing YES PINK
	After a phase of downloads will be presented with a list of configured repositories. Please note that not all repositories are ENABLED and especially the major ones (which really should not change) do not have the check mark on UPDATE. Depending on the version of OpenMandriva Lx, we installed a set of repository and enables different.   Then press OK,
Open a terminal become an administrator with the command ON <ENTER> Enter the root password give the command drakrpm-edit-media --expert that will reopen the same window as before but this time we will be able to perform all the necessary changes.
	INo particular we are going to select the UPDATE even on Main sources ie main, contrib, no-Free in addition you can also enable the Restricted sources. Press OK to complete the operation Note I am using a 64bit system you see in the image more sources than you would find on a 32bit system. This is due to the presence of sources 32bit more.
If not, we can add the reposity 32bit manually see paragraph: 4.1.2

5.1.1Abilitare le fonti bloccate

If you have followed all the steps in section 4.1 this section does not need

Some repositories are locked for update, and through the usual interface in MCC, you can not unlock them. To enable them to do this, you must issue the following command from a terminal (as administrator).

[root]#drakrpm-edit-media --expert

will open the usual form in which, however, we can enable the Update option on all repositories.
Abilitateli only if you have real needs and maybe in a targeted manner.

5.1.2Add the sources 32bit on 64bit systems

Open a terminal as an administrator and run the following commands:

urpmi.addmedia main32 http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/main/release/

urpmi.addmedia main32_updates http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/main/updates/

urpmi.addmedia non-free32 http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/non-free/release/

urpmi.addmedia non-free32_updates http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/non-free/updates/

urpmi.addmedia restricted32 http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/restricted/release/

urpmi.addmedia restricted32_updates http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/restricted/updates/

urpmi.addmedia contrib32 http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/contrib/release/

urpmi.addmedia contrib32_updates http://abf-downloads.rosalinux.ru/openmandriva2013.0/repository/i586/media/contrib/updates/

then with

[root]#drakrpm-edit-media –expert

Select all.

5.1.3Add the MIB sources

We can also add the MIB repository, in which we can find additional packages, updates and much more.

http://mib.pianetalinux.org/blog/

The repositories are:

32bit systems

urpmi.addmedia --update MIB-basic http://mib.pianetalinux.org/MIB/omv2013/32/basic/
urpmi.addmedia --update --raw MIB-experts http://mib.pianetalinux.org/MIB/omv2013/32/experts/

64bit systems

urpmi.addmedia --update MIB-basic_64 http://mib.pianetalinux.org/MIB/omv2013/64/basic/
urpmi.addmedia --update --raw MIB-experts_64 http://mib.pianetalinux.org/MIB/omv2013/64/experts/

The repository "expert" is not yet available, but you can check the following link:

http://mib.pianetalinux.org/blog/repository

5.2System Updates

NOTE: Once the repository configured the system will warn you of the presence of any updates in complete autonomy, by displaying a small icon in the system tray (OpenMandriva Online).

                             

Pressing it will request the USER password. In the window that opens will present the list of packages to update.


If you want to change the user password requirement, the original setting, with the root password, read the following paragraph:

Configura l'autentificazione per gli strumenti OpenMandriva

we will not have to do is press the UPDATE button and confirm the update in the next window. After downloading and installing the updates window will be empty so we can close the window by pressing EXIT. The small icon will change color

and will disappear after a few seconds.


You can also upgrade the system from the terminal of course .....

Open a terminal and become an administrator, after that, run the following command.

[root@GOLD davide]# urpmi  --auto-update

the system will update the lists of internet repositories, check for updates, download, and install complete autonomy ...

when the operation is complete disconnect from the internet (if necessary).


NOTE: Some times it is possible that the signatures of packages to be installed is not correct, only happens when you give the command by adding the following option:

--no-verify-rpm

then:

[root@GOLD davide]# urpmi  --auto-update --no-verify-rpm

NOTE: ADSL connections is not bad update your system every time (or almost) that you go on the internet, or in the case of flat connection whenever you remember. In practice everything is resolved with the same command

[root@GOLD davide]# urpmi  --auto-update

An update frequently has multiple benefits, firstly it is always up to date for both bug fixes, software updates for security, on the other hand the number of packages to be installed will be low then the process will take little or very little.

Infrequent updates can also lead to an update process involving hundreds of packages.

5.3Installing programs

After entering the new sources of packets, in the "System Administration" in the "Configure Your Desktop" we will be able to click on "Install and Remove Software" where you can find thousands of software categorized by type of application

To install them:
select
Turn on the connection to the internet (if necessary)
press install
when the operation is complete disconnect from the internet.
(actually just start the installation phase, you can already close the connection to the internet)

From the terminal you can install the programs that you already know the name simply with the command urpmi name> preset> obviously need to be super user and have the internet connection is already active then:

#urpmi <program name> <INVIO>

NOTE:
In the case in which the PC is plugged into a corporate network with proxy is added to the following command string

--proxy <IP del proxy>:<porta> --proxy-user <user name>:<password>

or if the proxy does not require password

--proxy <IP del proxy>:<porta>

"Install and Remove Software"

To search for a program that you know the name, for example KiCad, just type it into the field at the top and press enter. In fact, it will find all the packages that contain the search string in the name.

Then press Apply and you agree to resolve any dependencies.

For some special programs, for example PYTHON research will bring out many files, we have to do in the absence of special needs (for example, use a specific version of python), you select only the main one, then just python.


NOTE 1:
Note the voice ALL the icons above groups of programs used to specify display all the available packages.
The drop-down menu allows you to choose other options including "Packages with GUI" through which packets will be displayed with graphical interface omitting libraries and programs from the terminal, in short, to simplify the choice.
NOTE 2:
In the Options menu, select "use regular expressions to search"
in this way you refine your search.
Note 3:
In the VIEW menu and can choose from various types of grouping of packages.

5.3.1Meta-packages

Also from the drop-down menu, which we just talked about, among other options there is the voice Meta-packages.

These are empty packages that have been dragging behind as dependencies a particular set of packages.

Let's take an example, selecting the "meta-packages" from the menu, and select the icon on the left bar "Graphical Desktop" and as "Xfce" you will find a little packet appointed task-xfce (plus version) by selecting one, you can do it for only one test, you will see the list of dependencies associated with it, and you'll understand the convenience of these meta packages.

They are very comfortable:
Task-games  (install different games of various types of space occupying about 2.2 G)
edu-task  (installs kde games, tuxpaint, stellarium etc for about 390M)

5.4Updating a single program

If, for some reason, you do not want to upgrade the system, but you want to update only a single program, for example k3b just update the lists with the usual command:

#urpmi.update -a

after you install the update with

#urpmi –update k3b

5.5The first programs I install!

There are a number of programs and libraries whose "I" can not do without, and I install immediately after adding the repository, and the first system update.
here's the list:

Note 1: Some are already installed, but I am still checking.
Note 2: This will also install dependencies

A further step is to verify the install kernel source

[root@gold davide]#uname -r <INVIO>

3.11.8-nrjQL-desktop-1omv

indicates that both the kernel version:        3.11.8

and also the type:    desktop

I install the kernel-sources related to nrjQL-desktop

[root@gold davide]#urpmi kernel-nrjQL-desktop-devel<Return>

devel package may already be installed, if so will be notified.

If you try the kernel on the graphical installation program, will be listed including various kernel will select the kernel devel relative to ours.

Note: The kernel package devel serves, for example, when you need to install dkms driver. Even if you do not check this in advance, during the installation of anything that needs this package, it will be installed as a dependency.

5.6System Recovery

It never happened, but if by chance you ever need to restore the boot loader of Linux or Windows ® (then rewrite MBR), or for any other reason, you can use the installation DVD OpenMandriva Lx, 2013, by selecting the item "Troubleshooting"

From which we can launch both memory test is the GRUB2.

6SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

The configuration programs that we will use to modify some aspects of the distribution are always the same:

Configure your Desktop   (change user-level)
Configure your Computer  (machine-level changes) (to run it from terminal use the command "mcc")


Are easily found in SimpleWelcome

Or if you put kickoff as the start menu then you will find below:

TOOLS | TOOLS SYSTEM

and have the following names:

Control Center    <> Configure Your Desktop
OpenMandriva Control Center  <> Configure Your Computer

6.1OpenMandriva CONTROL CENTER

All the operations of system settings can be performed via a dedicated graphics program.

The main control center is just in distribution OpenMandriva "OpenMandriva Control Center" via the following:

MENU | TOOLS | TOOLS SYSTEM

Identical to the famous "Mandriva Control Center"

On the left are the various sections of which the most used is sure to be "Software Management", from here you can access the system for managing the installation and removal of packages. RPMs containing the various programs.

Selecting the icon for the installation you get:

If you already know the name of the package you want to install, for example if I want to install a program for electronic simulation, then try "oregano" and I select it, the system will select automatically all the other packages needed to install it (of course if there are any).

At this point, press APPLY.

Of course it is possible to select multiple items and install only at the end of the selection.

In the System section of the MCC can be configured:
•Fonts (if you want to import on the partition windows or add more)  •Active services (be careful)  •The locale (language used by the old system and compatibility encoding is not UTF-8, reachable by voice ADVANCED)  •Provide for and set up periodic backups.  •Add additional users

"Set the date and time" is useful if you want to activate the option for setting the time on the network. All you need is an internet connection active when you configure it.

Also from MCC you can easily configure a firewall for internet in the SAFETY section

selecting "Configure your personal firewall"

You can ENABLE services and servers that CAN be reached from the Internet.
Typically deseleziono all entries (ie, no open door to the internet)


You can also close / open all the doors of access to the system, individually, based on the port number and service.

As clearly stated you can check /etc/services which ports are available.

Once you enable the firewall just click on OK and choose which eth interface you want to enable the firewall.


it is important to take a look at the firewall logs from time to time to check for any access attempts

In the same section we also find the following entry:

6.1.1Configure authentication for instruments OpenMandriva

Through this menu you can select the necessary permits for the various configuration programs. Let's take a practical example if we wanted to change the user password requirement for system upgrades, making it necessary for the user's password administrator (root), simply find the row relating to "Mandriva Updates" and select from its drop-down menu "Password root "

Complete by pressing the OK button

6.1.2Adding components in MCC

After adding the repository internet you can install packages that will add other configuration wizard OpenMandriva Control Center.

There are several, among which I quote:

Drakfax                 : Allows you to configure a fax server, which uses Hylafax attention, and in fact will ask you to immediately install the HylaFAX server. You will see a new icon in the Hardware section in MCC | Configure printers and scanners.

Drakwizard                : set of wizards for configuring the system (ftp, web, dhcp, dns, sshd, etc.)

Others will not appear in MCC but may be launched directly from the terminal.

Drakoo                : Set the default save format for LibreOffice.

6.3Control Center (KDE 4)

Through the control center accessible from KDE4
Menu | Computer | System Settings, you can configure all the options related to your desktop, then the appearance, user information, the presets, keyboard shortcuts with the relative configuration of the various function keys, and much more .

		The entries are the usual ones already present in the control center KDE, and functions remain the same. They are grouped into sections whose title already spells out the functions that we are going to check. If you have installed the nvidia drivers remember to run the "Desktop Effects" go to the tab "Advanced" and     Set OpenGL as the type of composition, so you can then enable other 3D effects like the cube just to make an example.
		selecting "Application Appearance" questtta window will open with an icon menu on the left and on the presentation of the options you can change. Selecting STYLE we can select using the appropriate drop-down menu styles already available in the system.
		COLORS, Change the color set used (menu bars, etc.)
		Here we can select the icon theme, or adds new sets of downloading them directly from kde-look, to do this just press the [Get New Themes ...]
		To install them just choose the one you want, select it and press on install the topic will find him in the list. NOTE: The [Get new ....] we find in the other sections and we will always allow access to the extensive library of kde-look.
Scorriamo tutte le voci presenti all'interno del Centro di controllo KDE per verificare tutte le possibili configurazioni

Of particular interest may be:

Association of the file that allows you to select the program to use to open a particular file type. Just search for the file extension in a timely manner and to organize the list of programs associated with it, keeping in mind that the first program in the list will be the one normally used to open files of that type.

Auto Start from where you can enter both programs scripts, to be launched automatically to our desktop. See an example of a script to launch a VNC server, in paragraph (10.28), for example, I always add the "yakuake."

Session Management useful to set the default exit action and remove or add the request of shutdown options.

6.3.1Mouse  

If you prefer to set single click instead of double for opening files

Control Center
Hardware section
Input Devices
mouse

Selecting the menu on the left mouse

I enable "single click to open files and folders"

I leave the rest as is.


Also in this window will be possible to calibrate the joystick
and modify and add keyboard shortcuts, simply click their icons.

6.4Configuring Sensors Fans / temperature

lm_sensors and 'one of those packages that will be installed automatically during installation of the OS To verify the presence go to a terminal and type:

$sensors <RETURN>

the command should return something like:

acpitz-virtual-0

Adapter: Virtual device

temp1:       +55.0°C  (crit = +105.0°C)                  

temp2:       +51.0°C  (crit = +105.0°C)                  

temp3:       +36.6°C  (crit = +105.0°C)                  

temp4:       +60.0°C  (crit = +110.0°C)                  

temp5:       +60.0°C  (crit = +256.0°C)                  

temp6:       +56.0°C  (crit = +105.0°C)  

oppure

k10temp-pci-00c3

Adapter: PCI adapter

temp1:        +29.1°C  (high = +70.0°C)

                       (crit = +90.0°C, hyst = +85.0°C)

and then everything already installed. If not returned anything or not this command, simply install the lm_sensors package.

however, launch the command as an administrator:
# sensors-detect

and follow the suggestions for each question (the options are written in upper case), just press Enter.

Will be detected and configured so other devices, relaunch the command "sensors" and get more information:

it8721-isa-0290

Adapter: ISA adapter

in0:          +2.82 V  (min =  +1.36 V, max =  +0.68 V)  ALARM

in1:          +2.82 V  (min =  +2.33 V, max =  +1.60 V)  ALARM

in2:          +1.21 V  (min =  +2.94 V, max =  +0.28 V)  ALARM

+3.3V:        +3.34 V  (min =  +5.35 V, max =  +2.38 V)  ALARM

in4:          +2.99 V  (min =  +2.08 V, max =  +0.95 V)  ALARM

in5:          +2.53 V  (min =  +1.12 V, max =  +0.83 V)  ALARM

in6:          +1.64 V  (min =  +2.66 V, max =  +0.32 V)  ALARM

3VSB:         +6.07 V  (min =  +1.80 V, max =  +3.77 V)  ALARM

Vbat:         +3.36 V  

fan1:        2586 RPM  (min =   21 RPM)

fan2:           0 RPM  (min =   12 RPM)  ALARM

fan3:           0 RPM  (min =   11 RPM)  ALARM

temp1:        +38.0°C  (low  =  +1.0°C, high = -57.0°C)  ALARM  sensor = thermistor

temp2:        +34.0°C  (low  =  -5.0°C, high =  -5.0°C)  ALARM  sensor = thermistor

temp3:       -128.0°C  (low  = +87.0°C, high = +59.0°C)  sensor = disabled

intrusion0:  OK

Using KDE4 is certainly simple to use plasmoids available to monitor temperatures.

6.5Video Codec Installation

In order to see the various media formats both audio and video, as well as read DVD as fully as possible, you need to install some packages that provide libraries and codecs needed. Many others are already installed we will add them.

If you install you will see all your DVDs and read most of the audio / video formats

IF YOU ARE ON THE REPOSITORY all
you can simply use the INSTALL SOFTWARE MCC search. select and install the various packages.

Mandatory Note: Some of these packages are run formats covered by Rights (DRM or other), the use of which may be illegal in your country, why are released from the Restricted repository.


NOTE: If you have installed the 64bit version look for the above mentioned libraries in 64bit version basically just change the name from libdvdcss2 <> lib64dvdcss2, just to give an example. You better look for them with the graphic program for installing packages, so as to simplify the search and version control (64bit/32bit), which are both present.

6.6Readers Memory Cards, MP3 devices, digital cameras

As mentioned above, the detection and installation of USB devices is very efficient, so in principle everything that connects to the PC is automatically detected and mounted by presenting a widget into ICON

 [Device newest].

In addition, by selecting the device from that window, a window appears with several options to choose from, for example, open a window or do nothing, formats, and more.

In the case inserissimo a camera and should not be presented, you can use the program Digikam, just connect the camera and from the "camera" is pressed on "add camera".
The communication will be through is ptp mode is

Digikam is useful both as a cataloguer / viewer for both correct and retouch our photos, the program is complex and feature-rich, and therefore requires a reasonable time of learning of functions, although many of the possible operations to be performed on the photos are automated by various plugins present in Digikam and kipi by excellent plugins that extend the functionality of the program yet.
I add some links:

See also the "MANUAL OF APPLICATIONS" always on linux-corner
www.linux-corner.it

6.7OCR Software

As often happens in Linux we also have for OCR programs from the command line and the front-end for ease of use,
We therefore available

Gocr                 (0:49 version)
Ocrad                 (0:21 version)
Tesseract         (version 3:02:02)





See the "APPLICATION MANUAL" always on linux-corner

www.linux-corner.it

6.8NVIDIA DRIVER INSTALLATION

More and more hardware manufacturers release proprietary drivers for Linux, one of them is NVIDIA graphics chip maker (GeForce2, 4, GEFORCE FX, GeForce 6000/7000/8000 series, etc.) and NFORCE chipset motherboard (Nforce 2 Ultra Nforce2 400, nForce3 Nforce4 etc.)


NOTE: In my opinion it is absolutely preferable to install using DKMS packages, which have many advantages including the list:

1. 1.Ease of installation 

2. 2.Automatic update drivers during system upgrades. 

3. 3.Automated rebuilding of the driver in case of updating the kernel and related packages devel. 

use the other method only in the case of impossibility of access to the network.

6.8.1NVIDIA Video Card Driver

The open source drivers used in the distribution are the nouveau driver, but often, for various needs that are recreational or professional, you need to install the nvidia proprietary driver excellent, they have much better performance.

To properly install the nvidia proprietary driver you need the kernel and use the kernel devel are aligned, otherwise the driver installation will not be completed, this is done automatically during the configuration of X11 is used by MCC.

6.8.1.1Installing NVIDIA official drivers

If you do not have special needs drivers to use DKMS, see next paragraph.

From the Nvidia website in the download section you can download the latest drivers for your card, just select the series and it will be sent to the appropriate download page

This was downloaded and 'a run file.

NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run

(The number varies when a new version)

NOTE: This procedure requires that the modules are not loaded nouveau, because it totally incompatible with the nvidia proprietary driver.

So now that the open  drivers are nouveau instead of nv classics, to install the driver we can not simply leave the ServerX but we will have to boot directly into init3

the ServerX will not work but will not be loaded above the nouveau driver, and we'll end up in front of a pure console.

At this point you go to the directory where we saved our file. Runs and we will make it executable with the command:

#chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run

and then we will launch

#sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run

Start an application that will install the new driver in the system, but to do so will have to compile one.
The only attention and answer NO to the connection request to the mirror Nvidia to search for a driver already compiled (you can also groped if you have Internet access already active and if you have never updated the kernel).

After the procedure you have to tell the system to use the Nvidia drivers, do so by editing the file:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

then:

[root@GOLD davide]#vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf

In the DEVICE to change the voice that Driver "nv" must become "nvidia"

Section "Device"

    Identifier "device1"

    VendorName "nVidia"

    BoardName "NVIDIA GeForce (generic)"

    Driver "nvidia"

    Option "DPMS"

EndSection

save the file

ESC

:wq

Also check the presence of "nvidia"

in /etc/modprobe.preload

and reboot the system with the command

#shutdown -r now <Return>

6.8.1.2Installing the NVIDIA driver using DKMS packages

If you have already configured the repository internet

E 'enough to go to Configure Your Computer
Hardware section
and press the Configure Graphic system

This will open a window through which we are going to reselect our video card, under the Vendor and nVidia, are listed in groups for practically as:

“Geforce 2 MX to Geforce 4”   

“Geforce 400 series and later”    (install nvidia-current)

“Geforce 6100 to Geforce 7950”   (install nvidia-304)

“Geforce 8100 to Geforce 360”    (install nvidia-current)

“Geforce FX – series”     (install nvidia-173)

etc

confirm your choice !

We'll be warned of the presence of a driver and owner , we are asked if we want to use it .... Click on " YES"

Be so installed all the necessary packages including the DKMS and the appropriate kernel-devel .

Complete the installation and compilation of us dkms driver will be asked to select
monitor - select Plug & Play
resolution - please leave what you find

and in the end you will see a window with a few options to enable or disable
and ' absolutely necessary to enable the last option at the bottom otherwise just restart the X server will not start .

In the case of dual monitor , remember to enable the output with the appropriate option .

Complete these tasks will exit the configuration program , and you will have to restart your PC.

Note:
The advantage of using these packages , in addition to not having to exit X and move on a terminal , to be automatically recompiled for every kernel upgrade, and to be updated during the usual system upgrades.

The disadvantage is that upgrades automatically during system updates , you run the risk , very low because they are extensively tested before , to install a version with bugs too blockers, due to the packaging or by the driver. To overcome this problem , just enter these drivers between the packages to not update .



I installed drivers provide extra programs such as nvidia-settings with which you can obtain a lot of information on the video card hardware .

But even possible to configure a second monitor.

In case you want to use this application to configure the video card remember to run it as an administrator, the command to use is:

#nvidia-settings

Running it as an administrator we can save changes to the file usually

/etc/X11/xorg.conf

6.9installing the ATI DRIVER

Install the kernel sources

and follow the same instructions in the section

5.8.1.2.Installazione driver NVIDIA tramite pacchetti DKMS

The procedure and almost identical.

I can not be more detailed as I never got to try the ATI cards, buying, in fact, always depending on the hardware Linux does not even take into account the different cards from Nvidia or intel ..... at least for now. But this is only my personal opinion.

More information can be found, however, dedicated network.

6.10Installing the INTEL DRIVER

Intel releases the driver directly to the open source community so there are no proprietary drivers to update. Having a laptop with Intel video card I could see that drivers released are good enough, and can be activated even 3D.
The performances are not comparable to Nvidia cards, but definitely good.

Note: Sometimes the video playback with this type of video cards has an abnormal overlap of dots blacks on the images. To solve this problem, simply select in the settings of the player in the category Video Video a suitable driver, such as X11Shm.

This on almost every player mplayer, xine and the programs that they rely kmplayer, kaffeine etc.

6.11In the event of problems with the proprietary drivers (ATI / Nvidia)

If the verification of the operation of the proprietary driver does not have a positive outcome, simply rerun the selection process of the card and the question
"There is a proprietary driver ..... I want to use "answer NO!
Complete and try again with the TEST button, the proper functioning of the open drivers.

At this point riavremo a GUI and we dedicate ourselves to understand the origin of the problem with the drivers Owners.

6.12 Boot Loader Configuration

The default boot loader in OpenMandriva Lx 2013 GRUB2
For its board configuration using the graphical tool

present in the "Startup" section of OpenMandriva Control Center.

	Here you can select for example the delay before starting the default operating system Press NEXT
	At this point we can add other operating systems may be installed on other HD.

6.13Installing and Configuring Devices

In these paragraphs will be given instructions on how to install the most common devices on OpenMandriva, often you will not need to do anything other times we will have to perform the steps, in principle simple.

6.13.1Printers

From the "Configure Your Computer "
Hardware section
Press the button: Configure printer (s) , print queues , ....
We will meet in front of a window where we're going to add the printer already connected via the ADD button .

Later you may need to install some packages, so make sure you have already configured the repository and to have access to the Internet is active. If prompted to accept the installation of required packages .

If the printer is connected via USB will find it already in the list, if it is a network printer we have to choose :
“Find network printer” is added in the space HOST IP address of the printer and trace it using the button FIND
After a few moments of research will be found the printer and will be added to the list is network printer is

Press the NEXT button to complete the configuration, you will need to be installed if other packages.

Now we will choose the driver to use , try our printer brand and model from the list. In the right window there will be several drivers to choose from. All going well , you probably need to select the recommended and press NEXT

Set the name and description of the printer and press APPLY

In the printer's Properties window you can still change the options, for example, the print quality to be used as the default rather than the two-sided printing if available (usually in the office printers or multi-function )

NOTE:
The steps and options depend on the type of printer , make, model , type of connection and available options , then what will be required may vary slightly from the description just made .

If your printer is an HP , you can use the program " HP Device Manager " to configure and manage the printer , if you have an HP multifunction use this program to configure the printer and fax in a single shot.

Search on the net any guides or directions .
On www.linux-corner.it is present, for example , a guide in Italian for the HP 6500 Multifunction Printer with Ethernet connection .

6.13.2Scanner

From the Configure Your Desktop
Hardware section
Press :: Configure a scanner

Some packages will be installed if necessary including of course the back end sound, after which it will be detected the scanner connected to the PC.

NOTE: If you own an HP MFP does not use this system to configure the integrated scanner, the HP driver for the printer already provides everything you need to use the scanner.

7APPLICATIONS

See "User Application" for guidance programs you use most frequently.

e-mail
Burning program
Manager MP3 audio files, ogg
Manager Camera and Photos
GnuCash (personal finance manager)
and more





See the "APPLICATION MANUAL" always on linux-corner

www.linux-corner.it

8Finishing touches to the system

There are some tweaks that can be used to make our system more usable.

8.1Konsole

"Yakuake," for example, is a wonderful program that allows you to make ready a terminal. Do not you see it just a simple click on the F12 and will appear above.

8.2SYSTEM MENU Default (Simple Wellcome)

Simple Wellcome
The default menu of OpenMandriva Lx 2013 called Simple wellcome, a menu is a little detail that occupies almost the entire screen and follows the menus of mobile devices such as tablets and smart-phones by presenting all the icons of installed applications, with the possibility of horizontal scrolling and dragging a possibility to group icon on the other, to obtain the groups.

	It is divided into three sections: The first is a summary, with the latest applications and perform disk access and root directories Note the possibility of Fixa program into  Recent applications, in such a way as not to make them disappear. To do that just click with the right mouse button which will bring up a yellow star, on which we then we're going to click with the left mouse button to fix it.
	The middle one shows all the icons of the programs installed on the system These icons can be moved just hold down the left button of the mouse for a while on one of them. In addition to absent move you can also just move on to other group to automatically create a group. The group can be renamed.
	The third named TimeFrame has two different sections of the first "My Local Documents" Shows in chronological order all the documents (including photos and videos), but to work requires the enabling of Nepomuk from KDE control center. The second "Social Networking Site" to access facebook & other online services Personal opinion: I do not think the place to insert these features.

To add and change other menu, more conventional, there must be added to the object "Starter Application" panel which will add to the Kickoff menu, or to download new items for PLASMA, you can try BigLancelot, appmenuQML and others.

8.3New Characters (Fonts)

After installation we have available for each program different sets of characters in the repositories internet, there are several others.

a complete list can be found on the "Install Software" looking "font"

8.4Transition from RocketBar of RosaLab the default KDE4

OpenMandriva 2013 uses the RocketBar created by Rosa LAB and that completely replaces the classic panel of KDE4 .

The transition from one configuration to another is quite simple , just go to the tool box in the right corner and select the item
ADD PANEL and from the menu select the type of panel.

You have three options :
1 ) Default Panel
2 ) Blank panel
3 ) RocketBar

The first and the third entry in one fell swoop recreate a full panel in the classic version of KDE4 and RocketBar RosaLab
So just completely remove the panel you want to replace and add your panel. To do so, use the context menu that appears by pressing the right mouse button on the panel to remove and selecting : Remove Panel

Note: In case you do not remove the panel already ' present the new panel will cover it without replacing it .

So just move one on another side of the screen to have them both visible .

9WINE - Run programs under Linux win

See Manual Applications for this section, you find the page Manuals Linux-corner.

http://www.linux-corner.it/it/pagine/Manuali.htm

10Miscellaneous info

10.1INITIAL NOTES

In this chapter we list some notions that often comes in handy to know, even if they are not absolutely necessary for everyday use and profitable system, they can make life easier in case of problems.

In the manual, I often refer to commands executed on end, sometimes this can be hard especially in the beginning, but it is good to specify that all operations configuration, installation, etc. can also be made through the various graphics applications provided by OpenMandriva, as any other Linux distribution.

Having said that, with the passage of time some operations, you will want them via the command line, precisely because of their convenience and speed.

10.2Commands main shell

To use the shell commands necessary to know at least the main evidential list are in bold.

The shell can be called many things you know that when it comes to the terminal prompt, or command line always refers to the same thing.

There are a huge amount of commands, below is a short list of the most significant and used, and some are even listed the main options.

man :   formats and displays the online help pages .
cd :   changes the current directory .
ls :   display the contents of a directory.
cp :   copy files and directories.
mv  :   move or rename a file or directory.
rm :   delete files and directories.
mkdir :  Creates a directory.
ln  :   create links to files and directories.
pwd :   shows the current directory.
chmod  :  change the access permissions of a file.
Chown  :  change owner of a file.
cat   :  display the contents of a file.
find  :  Find a file between directories .
vi   :  the text editor . the one and only .
df   :  shows the free space on the hard disk .
free   :  Shows the status of the memory.
mount  :  mounting a filesystem.
umount  :  disable a file system.
ps  :  displays a list of running processes .
kill   :  send a message (TERM by default) to a process .
hostname :  display and change the host name.
gzip   : compresses and decompresses files . gz .
tar   :  create backup files (. tar).
more   :  separates the output into more ' pages ( even less) .
less   :  separates the output into more ' pages
reset  :  reset the terminal to its initial settings .
zip and unzip :  compresses and decompresses files . zipper.
top  :  shows processes that use more ' CPU time or memory.
uncompress  :  uncompress files compressed file (. Z )
dmesg  :  print event logs on the system, if you insert a USB storage device or     another device to see what is associated with :

Some clarifications on the various options of the following commands :

cp : Copy file and directory.

 -r ricorsively. (If you are coping a directory)

        -a maintains the attributes.

 -f Force.

rm        :        delete files and directories (note: NOT undelete exists!).

 -d remove also the directory.

        -i asks for confirmation.

        -f force.

        -r recursively. (if you delete a directory)

tar        :        creates or draws up files .

        x extracts.

        c stores.

 v verbose.

        f file name (to store or extract).

        z processes before gzip (for. tar.gz or. tgz).

In general, to store:

tar -cvf <archive name.tar> <filesname (o directory)>

and to extract

tar -xvf <archive name.tar>

or

tar -zxvf <archive name.tar.gz>

or

tar -zxvf <archive name .tgz>

gzip : comprime e decomprime file (estensione .gz).

 -d decomprime.

 -f forza.

 -r ricorsivo.

 -1 più veloce.

 -9 miglior compressione.

ps : visualizza un elenco dei processi correnti.

 l formato esteso.

 u nome utente ed ora di avvio.

 m informazioni sull'utilizzo della memoria.

 a mostra anche i processi di altri utenti.

 r mostra solo i processi attivi.

 x mostra anche i processi che non controllano un terminale.

tail : mostra la fine di un file.

 -s solo le ultime s righe.

 -c x ultimi x byte.

 -f continua a leggere un file, utile se questo viene modificato.

chgrp  : cambia il gruppo di appartenenza di un file.

chmod : modifica i permessi di accesso di un file.

 metodo numerico:

 primo numero (opzionale):

 4 : set user ID

 2 : set group ID

 1 : swappa la text image

 secondo numero; permessi del proprietario:

 4 : lettura

 2 : scrittura

 1 : esecuzione

 terzo numero; permessi del gruppo, stessi valori.

 quarto numero; permessi degli altri, stessi valori.

 -R ricorsivo.

chown : cambia il proprietario di un file o directory.

 user.group setta il proprietario a user.group

 -R ricorsivo.

rpm : gestire pacchetti .rpm

 -i installa un pacchetto.

 -e rimuove un pacchetto.

 -qi [-qip] mostra informazioni su un pacchetto [non] installato.

 -ql [-qlp] mostra i file contenuti in un pacchetto [non] installato.

 -qa mostra l'elenco dei pacchetti installati.

OpenMandriva fornisce il comando “urpmi” molto comodo e funzionale.

#urpmi <nome pacchetto.rpm>

10.3VI un editor rapido ed efficace

Although all changes to various configuration files you can run through the usual graphics editors like kwrite, throwing in administrator mode.
With KDE4 need to open a terminal and switch to administrator and then launch the program.

[davide@GOLD ~]$su -<Return>        (NOTE hyphen after the command is absolutely necessary)

password:

[davide@GOLD ~]# kwrite<Return>

a great editor from the terminal is the famous “VI”.

Unfortunately, its use is not the most simple, yet remembering only a few commands you can in a few moments bare minimum required to execute those changes, sometimes in the various configuration files.

([davide@GOLD ~]#vi <File name> <Return>

here is some useful commands to know.

10.4Super User (root)

When you open a terminal you get what is called the prompt:

example        [davide@GOLD ~]$

or   [root@GOLD davide]#

these strings on each new line give us some information
type:

The user (davide, root)

The name of the system (GOLD)

and especially the PATH (~ davide)

by david if I move in the Music directory with the command

[davide@GOLD ~]$ cd Musica

the promt will become like this:

[davide@GOLD Musica]$

Finally the most important information tells us if we are a member ($) or administrator (#)

# indicates that you are super user (administrator or root) to become type:

[davide@GOLD ~]$ su <Return>

[davide@GOLD ~]$ password *******

[root@GOLD davide]#

Note:
If you want to edit files as root from GUI but just
open the terminal and switch to administrator and then launch the desired program.

[davide@GOLD ~]$su -<Return>        (NOTE hyphen after the command is absolutely necessary)

password:

[davide@GOLD ~]# kwrite<Return>

Any program can be run with root privileges in the same manner. CAUTION because the use of the user root has serious implications for safety. see #2.5

10.5Structure of the file system

Here is the structure of the file system folders are some basics for everyday work, among them the home directory.

 ./

../

bin/                --> links to programs and system programs

boot/                --> file to boot, boot manager (Grub, LILO) ect

dev/   -> Folder with all devices that can be used and detected no
etc/   -> Folder with all the configuration files of all programs
home/   -> Contains the user's folders.

 |davide

 |alessia

 |andrea

 |alice 

initrd/   -> System Folder
lib/   -> Contains most of the libraries required by the various programs
Media/  -> contains links to CD-rom, floppy as / mnt
mnt/   -> Contains the directory partitions on Windows ® or removable storage     devices, USB sticks, iPods ect

 |Cdrom

 |Floppy

 |Win_C

 |Win_D

 |Removible

opt/   -> Folder used in other distributions to install programs (in Libreoffice official    version is installed here)
proc/   -> System folder (contains all the details about your hardware)
root/   -> Folder root
sbin/   -> System Folder (links to programs)
sys/   -> System Folder
tmp/   -> Classic temp folder
usr/   -> contains all the programs and other
var/   -> System Folder [this is where all of the information that changes, plus a little    folder containing for example the "html" to run a web server (apache)    where you go to enter web pages under construction or to be published.]

10.6Security

SYSTEM
THE ROOT PASSWORD SHOULD NEVER BE USED AS IF IT WERE A USER NORMAL USE THE ROOT USER, AS YOU HOME impairs SECURITY SYSTEM.

THEN USE YOUR USER!


DATA
MAKE PERIODIC BACKUP OF DATA TO ANOTHER PARTITION OR BETTER THAN ONE DISC, it is a good idea to avoid total loss of data, both for involuntary cancellation is due to breakage of the storage medium.

10.7Change Password

There are various ways to change their password but the easiest and fastest
is to open a terminal and type the command "passwd".

$ passwd <ENTER>
You will be prompted to enter in sequence
the old password
The new password
the new password again

Done ....


To do this with graphics Applications must invoke the setup program Configure Your Desktop


Navigate to the SYSTEM tab and click on the item

"Managing system users"
Select the user and click Edit button.
In the form that appears type in the new password in the fields
Password and Confirm Password.
Click OK and exit the program.


NOTE: As you can already see from this example, some operations are much faster when performed by terminal.

10.8Applications of remote servers

It can happen to need to use applications that reside on other servers (Linux, HP, SUN), in these cases it is necessary to remember two important things:

a) Export your DISPLAY:
then after you login to your server we give the following command

<indirizzoIP of our machine> setenv DISPLAY: 0.0

b) Allow you to access your X server to the machine that hosts the program.

From terminal on our machine $ xhost <Servername>
or $ xhost + (allows access to all)

These commands can be automated to log in many ways the easiest and enter the xhost command line <servername> in the file. bash_profile
which is located on our home

this is the place to put any scripts / programs you want to start automatically.


In the case of access via SSH (if the server supports it) there will be no need for another command in addition to the following:

ssh-X-l <Servername> <user>

10.9Connecting to the remote machine (XDMCP)

If we have two or more PCs on the network can use XDMCP to connect to multiple PCs remotely by opening a real remote session with their user . In fact the same computer, and the applications contained therein may be used by multiple users simultaneously.

Editing the configuration file / etc/alternatives/kdm4-config changing the field "Enable " Make your PC reachable .


Obviously, as an administrator, right to pass the file to the section and put Xdmcp Enable = true

[ Xdmcp ]
Enable = true
Willing = / usr/share/X11/xdm/Xwilling
Xaccess = / etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess

On the client side we have two possibilities
1 ) From the login screen to choose between the options Remote login , select the machine to reach and cater to login
2) From your desktop , open a terminal and give the command X: 1 -query <username> PC -to-reach or address ADDRESS>

in both cases you'll end up with the usual login screen .

Note 1: In the second example, we will have our desktop (local) accessible via CTRL + ALT + F8 while remotely via CTRL + ALT + F9

Note 2: Better not use the 3D desktop for this type of application .

Note 3: If we log off what we get is the closure of the session, and processes / programs are enabled , so not to be used as a remote control session. If this is what you want you'll have to use something like TightVNC or TigerVNC , see appropriate section .

10.10Configuring authentication for instruments OpenMandriva

From the Configure Your Computer
Hardware section
Press the button:
"Configuring autentificazioni for instruments OpenMandriva"
A window will open with a list of the transactions will be able to choose the type of authentication required, between the following options:

Root Password
user password
No password

For example the default configuration provides the ability to perform updates to the system by entering the user's password, if you have children it would be better to change this option with "Root password" from this screen you can do it easily by changing the second item.

10.11Kernel Options

In some (rare) cases the installation of S.O. can not be completed or started, and often just add to the kernel options to enable / disable / force "something." This section lists some options to add to the kernel, to solve this kind of problems.

Let's start by clarifying how and where you put these options in STEP INSTALLATION.

At the Boot from DVD when screen comes with various options

OpenMandriva you select Install and press the TAB key
appears in a command line (Boot options) in the bottom of which we are going to add the option previously selected on the basis of the problem, for example noapic and nolapic and others.
You only need to add the options you want in the bottom of the line "boot option"

let's see what they should do these options.

(*) Try it if you can not boot the OS installation
(**) Replace xxx with the value of memory in Megabytes.

10.12SpeedBoot

Even OpenMandriva Lx 2013 continues to have the ability to set speedboot.
Speedboot is a system to speed up boot time, in practice charges before the services necessary to start the graphical interface. The system has yet to be developed and filed down a bit.

The initial configuration provides the option is set to NO, to run the probe and see if you can actually enable it, add the boot option speedboot = probe.

When you first start, try to check the compatibility of the system with speed-boot, and the second starts will use it or not depending on the first test.

Just edit the file as administrator
/etc/sysconfig/speedboot
changing
SPEEDBOOT = yes
rather
SPEEDBOOT = no

in this way you will not need to add or remove any kernel option.
If you want to force active, assigned to Speedboot = yes

10.13Info Startup

During the startup of the system we are " entertained by a beautiful screen and a progress bar indicates the progress of Boot the system, this is just a cover of the classic startup checklist of Linux systems , which could scare off new users and that in any case it was" bad " to behold.

To pull it off , simply press the ESC key during startup.
The sequence of "OK" or "Failed" dedicated to the start of each service , you may want to verify the presence or absence of problems, but very often turns out to be too fast for the proper understanding of what happened, and then to re-read it with calm that has happened in the last start , just go to see the " system log " / var / log / boot.log it can be read from the terminal via the usual commands
#cat  /var/log/boot.log
or with
# less /var/log/boot.log
or still open on kwrite in this case with
# kwrite /var/log/boot.log (you must be Administrator - command "su - "

Notes:
Better to use the first command for a clearer understanding .
Note the need to open them as administrator (SU)

What we'll see will be a list like this:

Starting SMB services : [OK]
Starting NMB services : [OK]
Starting wine : [OK]

Where we're going to try not OK but rather any [ FAILED ] .

NOTE: With the use of boot speed given the speed of system startup, and the number and type of services that start before , it is even more important to check , in case of problems , or curiosity, the system log /var/log/prcsys.log stored.

10.14LOG System

As we saw in the previous section. Log file system are placed in the / var / log / here we can read other logs with some useful information.
Some files are listed very long reporting and store information for each day, to restrict the viewing of the latest lines stored using the command "tail" with the option - <serial lines> for example:
# tail -20 /var/log/dmesg

10.15Close a blocked program

It does not happen often but sometimes it happens to be in front of a locked program can use three different methods to "kill the process"

1) Use the top command on a terminal which will present after a certain rows of information is a list of active processes: where we'll have to find one with a higher CPU utilization, or the name of the program locked in the corresponding row we find the information PID that we need to kill the program

PID USER      PR  NIVIRT  RES  SHR S  %CPU %MEM   TIME+  COMMAND

3581 root       15   0 286m  52m 4660 R  5  10.6   3:07.52 X

4294 davide 15   0 31856 14m  11m S  3  2.9      0:18.51 yakuake

3831 root  15   0 7168 1168  884 S    0   0.2     0:03.36 nmbd

So just take the key k (kill) and enter the name of the process to kill and then press 9.

to exit from top command to use "q"

2) press the keyboard shortcut CTRL + Esc will open a window with the list of processes, just like in the top, but less "impressive", where we will look for the same information as before, but in this case it is sufficient to select the line and press the "KILL". Note that you can sort the information by pressing on the column headers.

3) Install xkill (# urpmi xkill) launch it from the menu | Run command, you will see a skull instead of the mouse cursor and we will just go and click on the window to kill.

Choose the method you prefer, but remember that there are various ways to do this.

10.16KDE GNOME XFCE and ….

This manual, as well as several others present on www.linux-corner.it assume you use KDE as a desktop environment (KDE 4 now), mostly for my own convenience since it is what I prefer.

KDE4 is the default desktop manager OpenMandriva Lx 2013.
To our great fortune, there are other DE and among those who would want/should try there certainly are GNOME and XFCE, LXDE exactly like KDE which are composed of many packages and libraries, some of which are essential for the proper functioning of the desktop.

If you want to try them just run by an administrator on a terminal the following commands:

# urpmi task-gnome <ENTER>
# urpmi task-xfce <ENTER>
and of course, accept the installation of all dependencies.

For others, such as, for example, Enlightenment, you will need to install the software and install packages by searching on going on and Enlightenment Desktop Chart, here you will select the main package, and selected according to the descriptions of the other packages, those that may be of interest.

Nota: XFCE potrebbe essere adatto a sistemi datati o poco performanti, proprio per la sua caratteristica migliore, la leggerezza.

Io per esempio l'ho scelto come base per il Multimedia center.

10.17Permissions, Groups, devices

Often we run into two problems to the permissions Setting On the devices, files, services, etc.., Simplifying a lot, These the vary-depending on the level of security and many of Their Own These groups have, for example, sound, video, etc. . tty.

When we fail to do something That You administrator instead we can do, for example, use a DVB card rather than a scanner or another, the first thing we do in order to add to our "USER" That interest groups us. To do this we use MCC | SYSTEM | Add remove changes to accounts.

Select from the list of users in your name and double click on it. This will open a window in Which the last card GROUPS, we're going to select the item That interests us.

Select only one related to your problem, do not select a carpet Everything That Seems useful.

10.18Start, Stop, Restart Services

On some occasions it may be necessary or useful to restart a service .
Active services can be seen both by the usual MCC | System | enable disable some system services
In the window that shows the services there are two buttons to start and stop each service , as well as a convenient key information if you have questions about the service (unfortunately in English).
Also you can check / uncheck the boot to set which services you need at startup .

From the terminal and as an administrator is possible via the command
# chkconfig
see the services that should be activated for any specific run .

Some of these will not tell us anything , others will know them by name , and still others are very useful to know.
Just for example :
For wine wine
For the xfs font handling (no longer used)
cups for printer management
For network management network

To manage the start , stop or restart of the various services , which we remember the exact name , from the terminal using the command "service" as an administrator :

# service <service> <command>

where <command> can take the following items

1. 1.start 

2. 2.stop 

3. 3.restart 

    

make an example of wanting to re-initialize the network will give the command:
# service network restart <return>
obtaining:

Off the interface eth0   : [OK]
Off the interface eth1    : [OK]
Disabling loopback interface   : [OK]
Enabling loopback interface   : [OK]
Active interface eth0    : [OK]
Active interface eth1    : [OK]

10.19Add fonts "special"

Aside from the normal installation of the various RPMs, requiring only the selection and installation to "install software" automatically solve everything, I stop adding special character set required for applications running, for example, on a SUN server / HP etc.

Suppose you want to add a folder containing fonts <TEST>, will just copy it to /usr/share/fonts/
enter into the TEST directory and run the command
mkfontdir <return>

In /usr/share/fonts/ you will also find directories related to fonts already installed, for example:
100dpi / 75dpi / chinese / cyrillic / default / drakfont / java / misc / msfonts / OTF / override / Speedo / TTF / TTF / Type1 /

Then we will go to the directory / etc/X11/fontpath.d /
and create a symbolic link to the folder <TEST> with the command:
# ln-s .. /.. /.. /usr/share/ fonts/TEST TEST: pri = 50

Note:
YOU DO NOT NEED TO RESTART THE SERVICE ANY FONTS ARE NOW AVAILABLE.

10.20Restore the Boot Loader

10.21Avoid The update of some programs

The automatic update of packages, it is a very convenient feature that allows you to keep a system updated to solve bugs, various problems and applying security patches. However this may be risky on some packages "special" type kernel drivers (eg nvidia), in fact you could go from one driver to a fully functional again but with problems.

To avoid this risk we say "calculated" you can edit the file
/etc/urpmi/skip.list

going to add a line by line the names of the programs you do not want them to be updated.
For example:
/ ^ nvidia /

Note:
/ ^ nvidia / exclude from the updating all the packages containing the string "nvidia"

10.22/etc/fstab

INFORMAZIONE

penMandriva uses the identifier UUIUD in fstab practice in the classical strings

/dev/hda7 / ext3 defaults 1 1

is replaced with the ID of the disk / partition (/ dev/sda1) with a UUID type

# Entry for /dev/sdb1 :

UUID=32cae650-def2-4a5e-9e17-6c35225ff611 / ext4 defaults 1 1

Does not change much while it may seem less understandable it has a great advantage in the event of a change of partitions, if we were to delete or create multiple partitions those that remain continue to have the same UUID and fstab so the file would still be valid
Above each string there is a comment that specifies the disk equivalent with the usual syntax

/dev/hda1, /dev/sda5 or whatever.

To view UUID of a disk using the command (as administrator)

# vol_id -u /dev/hda7 <invio>

NOTE: If, for any reason, you do not want to use this system, you can restore the "normal" syntax by adding parameters to the kernel configuration option
use_uuid = 0

Let us now recall the meaning of the various parts of the string

/dev/sdb1 / ext4 defaults 1 1

/dev/sdb1  (or new UUID) = device and partition to mount
/  Mount point (where we will find the contents of the disk / partition
ext4   File system type
defaults  Set of options separated by commas (see table below)
1    (dump) specifies whether to dump to do the backup (obsolete)
1   (pass) Specifies whether or not the file system check at startup and with which   priority
  0 = No Control
  1 = High priority (boot partition)
  2 = Control with secondary priority

* If the after the default option, you insert another option, contrary to one of those present in the default set this option will overwrite the previous one.

So we can use the default option as a base and then change the options adding others.

**Making careful to use these options.

10.23Enable / disable CTRL + ALT + Backspace to restart X

You can enable or disable the key combination Ctrl + Alt + Backspace, directly from XFdrake, just select the appropriate item.

Open the Configure Your Desktop
Hardware section
you choose "Configure the graphics system"
On the form that opens, select the "Options" button
and uncheck the "Disable CTRL + ALT + Backspace"
Press OK
You will be prompted to save the changes, then press "Yes"

For earlier versions continue to use the old method:
The key combination Ctrl + Alt + Backspace to restart the X server and disabled, to reactivate need to edit the file
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
adding in the ServerFlags section the following option:
Option "DontZap" "false"
______________________
Section "ServerFlags"
 Option "Xinerama" "0"
 Option "DontZap" "false"
EndSection
______________________

10.24Change the java version in use

Often you need to use the applications that require a particular version of Java, in this case just install the correct version from the repository, without removing those already installed.

To check the version currently in use, you can use the command:
[Prompt ~] $ java-version
which returns:
java version "1.7.0_11-icedtea"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (OpenMandriva Association-2.4.1.2-x86_64)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b50, mixed mode)

via the alternative command (you must be an administrator) can check the available alternatives and switch to another version:
[Prompt ~] # alternatives - config java
which returns:

There is only one alternative in link group java (providing /usr/bin/java): /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java

Nothing to configure.

If I had installed other virtual machine would find a list from which I could select which one to use.

Note: there is no longer the option to install directly from the repository Java Oracle (ex SUN), also by downloading it directly from the rpm package, will not see him in the list of alternatives.
We shall therefore put it on the alternatives at hand:

Downloaded from the rpm package you want (JDK, JRE 32bit or 64bit) see: 9.24.1

install it by clicking on it or using the command from konsole urpmi.
# urpmi jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm (will be installed in / usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45 /)

give the following commands (if you install the jre you have to change the strings accordingly)

update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/bin/java" 1

update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/bin/javac" 1

update-alternatives --install "usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/libjavaplugin.so" "mozilla-javaplugin.so" "/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so" 1

update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/bin/javaws" 1

Now there are two alternatives:

[root@Gold2 ~]# alternatives --config java

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

  Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status

------------------------------------------------------------

* 0            /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java   170011    auto mode

  1            /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/bin/java                   1         manual mode

  2            /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java   170011    manual mode

10.24.1Install Oracle Java

If you prefer, or do you absolutely need to install the java provided by Oracle go directly to the website

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Press the button "Download free java", and in the list select the appropriate items rpm, depending on your system, so 32bit or 64bit
Download it!

jre-7u45-linux-x64.rpm

jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm

or

jre-7u45-linux-i586.rpm for 32bit system

and install it (just double-click and enter the administrator password)
These rpm install java in / usr / java then in addition to not fall in the lists of the alternatives we have to perform a few simple steps to use it in your internet browser.

1) go to /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins/ or /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ for 32bit and delete symbolic links to the library libjavaplugins
2) create a symbolic link /usr/java/latest/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so
then:
cd / usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins /
and
ln-s / usr/java/latest/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so

restarting firefox plugins you will find in the Java Oracle/Sun

10.25Montaggio automatico dei filesystem NFS (autofs)

Install the package autofs
As an administrator, edit the file  /etc/autofs/auto.master

[Prompt]# vi /etc/autofs/auto.master

and decomentare the following line

/net    -hosts

save the file and restart the service

[Prompt]# service autofs restart

At this point we will be able to automatically mount the NFS shared directory.
Sara simply putting / net / machine name to contact to have it automatically mounted under / net, we can do it directly from dolphin.

Great for also to simplify sharing files and folders in the home environment using NFS.

10.26Check Audio Speakers

Since the onboard sound in our PCs now offer at least 6 channels, there might wanna try one of those set of 5.1 speakers. Once you have placed and connected to the PC, we can use the speaker-test program to verify proper operation and correct position.

We can go on the small icon of kmix in the system tray, right-open the menu and select "Audio Setup"

	Just click on the buttons corresponding to the case and hear a voice, in English, we will specify the location of the chest under test. You do not need to install any additional program.

The traditional method was to install the program "speaker-test"
The program must be installed, and is obviously already present in the repository, then install it as usual using MCC directly or from the terminal with

# urpmi speaker-test <ENTER>

First of all there is the capability of your sound card with aplay-L that returns all possible configurations.

[Prompt]$aplay -L <invio>

front:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    Front speakers

surround40:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers

surround41:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers

surround50:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers

surround51:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers

surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0

    HDA Intel, AD198x Analog

    7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers

null

    Discard all samples (playback) or generate zero samples (capture)

pulse

    PulseAudio Sound Server

default

    Default ALSA Output (currently PulseAudio Sound Server)

The easiest way is to choose how the device server PULSE Sound, Let's try it with headphones giving two different commands but getting the same result.

speaker-test -Dpulse -c2 -twav -l1

speaker-test -Dfront:Intel -c2 -twav -l1

Voice on the boxes and print:

speaker-test 1.0.21

Playback device is default

Stream parameters are 48000Hz, S16_LE, 2 channels

WAV file(s)

Rate set to 48000Hz (requested 48000Hz)

Buffer size range from 96 to 1048576

Period size range from 32 to 349526

Using max buffer size 1048576

Periods = 4

was set period_size = 262144

was set buffer_size = 1048576

 0 - Front Left

 1 - Front Right

Time per period = 3,860220

so let's check our system to 6 channels with the command

speaker-test -Dpulse -c6 -twav -l1

Let's see what the various options:

-D Specifies the device to be tested and it is obtained by the different device names returned by the command aplay-L saw earlier. For example:

surround71:CARD=Intel,DEV=0  

First part: name card

thus

surround71:Intel

Recall that the default value for the omission of option D is

Default ALSA Output (currently PulseAudio Sound Server)  So PULSE (if we have one sound card entrust ourselves to PULSE)

-c: channel number to be tested configurations include 2,4,5,6,7,8
-t: type of test,

  pink : noise

                sine : Sinusoidal signal whose frequency can be varied with the-f option followed                         by the frequency in Hz

                wav : you run the wav file in /usr/share/sounds/alsa/, nobody forbids to                                 replace them with its own file.

-l        : Number of test runs, if you omit it you use the default value of 0 is equivalent to the infinite loop, and thus to stop the test must press CTRL + C.

Commands list:

[Prompt]$speaker-test -Dpulse -c6 -twav -l1

10.27Collegamento da remoto alla macchina (TigerVNC)

To connect to a working session " already open " on your PC you can use different programs vncserver , TightVNC and TigerVNC are available in the repositories of OpenMandriva .
Let's start with the search for and install the program via "Install and Remove Software "
We try tigervnc , you select
tigervnc ( VNC viewer to connect to other servers )
tigervnc - server (our server )

for proper operation takes only a few steps:

1)         Create a password for your user , then a terminal, give the command

 [prompt ] $ vncpasswd <ENTER>

        and then type the password again to verify it.

2)        From the PC you want to make controllable give the command

        [prompt ] $ x0vncserver - PasswordFile ~/.vnc/passwd <ENTER>

3)        From the PC to which we will connect to the server launch a vnc viewer any ( not 'say          that you can choose from)

 [prompt ] $ vncviewer <ipaddress> : 5900 <ENTER>

 will be prompted for the password for VNC previously set and you will enter the desktop  remote finding programs already running on it.

The command for launching the VNC server can , of course, be added to a script.
Just edit a file ( for example startVNC ) by inserting

# / bin / bash
x0vncserver - PasswordFile ~ / .vnc / passwd

save it and make it executable ( right-click | Properties | Permissions and select the option EXECUTABLE

This script can be called from the control center KDE ADVANCED tab | AUTOSTART selecting add script. This will run automatically at every entry in our work session.
You can do the same on the gnome desktop manager and others .

10.27.1PC con X ma “SENZA” Monitor

If you use this simple configuration on a PC, for any reason, we wanted to put in our network but WITHOUT MONITOR, KEYBOARD AND MOUSE, we will have to change the configuration by performing a few simple steps:

1) From the BIOS look for the entry that allows the PC to boot even without the presence of Keyboard and Mouse, The voice depends on the BIOS manufacturer, and other factors.

2) Enable Automatic Login (MCC | Start | Automatic Login)

3) Add the script to start the VNC server session startup, as previously seen.
4) BUT ABOVE edit / etc/X11/xorg.con to have the following strings:

Section "ServerFlags"

    Option "DontZap" "False" # disable <Ctrl><Alt><BS> (server abort)

    AllowMouseOpenFail # allows the server to start up even if the mouse does not work

    #DontZoom # disable <Ctrl><Alt><KP_+>/<KP_-> (resolution switching)

EndSection

Section "Module"

    Load "dbe" # Double-Buffering Extension

    Load "v4l" # Video for Linux

    Load "extmod"

    Load "glx" # 3D layer

    Load "dri" # direct rendering

EndSection

Section "Device"

Identifier "VNC Device"

Driver "vesa"

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "VNC Screen"

Device "VNC Device"

Monitor "VNC Monitor"

SubSection "Display"

#Modes "1024x768"

Modes "1280x1024"

EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "VNC Monitor"

HorizSync 30-70

VertRefresh 50-75

EndSection

Otherwise, without a monitor, KDM (as well as GDM, XDM, etc.) will remain "HUNG", until you enter the monitor, without logging in automatically and effectively negating all your efforts.

Note: the following strings specify the resolution that you will use.
Modes "1024x768"
Modes "1280x1024

10.28Shared Directory

Often there is the need to share directories with other computers on the same network, whether at home or in the office, more and more often the devices that we buy have this possibility, see, for example, media-center, televisions etc..

Sharing a directory it can be obtained in several ways but the easiest is via NFS and SMB, it is absolutely necessary in a mixed network (linux / windows) or when it has to do with the above equipment that might I have a Linux on board but take it for granted that it should be used "even" with windows PC.

Let us see how we can make available a diretory on our PC.

10.28.1SMB – samba server

10.28.1.1OpenMandriva Control Center

	MCC section "Network Sharing" select: "Share disks and folders with Windows (SMB)" you open this form of warning press "OK"
	Leave the default and press "OK"
	Here you must set up the workgroup and the name of the PC and press "OK"
	Select Mode as 'security' Share ', so as to not have to enter password to access from other computers (only in case of need' special use user). In the Allowed Hosts you can leave it blank or enter 192.168.1. * To restrict access you PC on your network. Press "OK"
	At this point we insert a message that the other PCs will see associated with our shared directory. Press "OK"
	Leave the default settings and press "OK"
	A summary screen will take you to the end of configuration ... press OK       and OK again

What you get is the initial configuration of the SMB service are now going to enter a directory to be shared:

The End of the previous configuration we find ourselves in a window like the one shown here: We use the "Add" button to insert a shared directory.     Press "OK" The new entry will appear 'under "homes" Select it and press Edit
et the three items public writable and Navigable yes press OK and close all

Remember to make writable shared directory

[prompt]#chmod 777 /opt/share/

and restart the service with the command

[prompt]#systemctl restart smb.service

10.28.1.2Samba-swat

If you have special needs of one or more complex sharing of files between the PC at home or office, you can entrust us to a more comprehensive tool, but also more complex.

http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/SWAT.html

We start with installing the needed packages to make the package install samba-swat you bring back, as dependencies, all the necessary packages.
Samba-swat allows us to easily configure our samba server, without going to directly edit the smb.conf file located in /etc/samba/.
This file has a number of settings that cover an impressive number of needs
even if I describe the procedure to share a directory remember that with this application we can perform any operation.

The interface allows us to know the role of each written with a simple click on HELP (very educational).

Before you can access the web interface of the classic swat address:

http://localhost:901

we need to enable the swat service that is disabled by default, to do this just edit /etc/xinetd.d/ swat, of course, as an administrator.

# default: off

# description: SWAT is the Samba Web Admin Tool. Use swat \

#              to configure your Samba server. To use SWAT, \

#              connect to port 901 with your favorite web browser.

service swat

{

        port            = 901

        socket_type     = stream

        wait            = no

        only_from       = 127.0.0.1

        user            = root

        server          = /usr/sbin/swat

        log_on_failure  += USERID

        disable         = no

}

just change the last line as shown above.
At this point starting the service with the redo command

systemctl restart xinetd.service

We access the web interface of swat by connecting previously reported. We insert the root user and password, we will find ourselves in front of the web browser to the following page.

With the convenient buttons located in the top line, each dedicated to a Section and a specific task.

Those who serve us we are GLOBAL SHARES and VIEW

We begin by GLOBAL, in this section we are going to set some important parameters including

the workgroup (workgroup or omvgroup) enough that all PCs are in the same group.
the alias with which we find (usually the hostname)
and the type of sharing (security), which in our case must be SHARE

Change only the three specified items, and do not worry about the rest.

Remember that before moving on to another section you will need to save the changes with the appropriate button.


We create at this point the actual sharing: Section SHARES

We put a share name and press CREATE SHARE
will be shown in the drop down menu just above, Select it and press
CHOOSE SHARING

In this picture are absolutely important fields
PATH, and 'the full path of the directory to be shared
Read only, which must be set to NO
Guest OK, Browsable and Available to be set to YES


Again, remember that before moving on to another section you will need to save the changes with the appropriate button.

The section view shows just the file /etc/samba/smb.conf file you just edited.

You just have to restart the service with the command
systemctl restart smb.service
given in a terminal as an administrator.

10.29SYSTEMD – Manage system and services

Even OpenMandriva Lx using systemd init system called.
(System Manager, and services for Linux)

let 'commands to manage everything

10.29.1systemctl – We manage services

The first command helps us to manage and monitor the various services
Let's see some of the options available to us.

systemctl list-units    (displays active services and their status)
systemctl - failed    (See services alone failed)
systemctl status <service name>  shows various interesting information such as
     status
the cgroup assigned
the location of the configuration file (/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb)
programs and related cascade PID

[root@iron user]# systemctl status smb.service

smb.service - Samba SMB Daemon

   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/smb.service; enabled)

   Active: active (running) since gio 2013-11-21 19:06:34 CET; 2h 12min ago

 Main PID: 1704 (smbd)

   CGroup: /system.slice/smb.service

           ├─1704 /usr/sbin/smbd

           └─1781 /usr/sbin/smbd

NOTES:
1. the service name has to be written complete
2. the information is different if you run it as administrator

 systemctl start/stop/reload/restart <Nome del servizio>

Start, charging, stops and restarts the specified service
it can still be done with the command service <service> start / stop / restart
for example

systemctl restart systemd-smb.service

or

systemctl restart smb.service

and also with the old command service

service smb restart

Restarting smb (via systemctl):                                                                                                                                              [  OK  ]

There are many other commands, with different features, ranging from the management of the system to dell'spegnimento creations snapshot backup

 systemctl   halt                            Shut down and halt the system

 systemctl   poweroff                   Shut down and power-off the system

 systemctl   reboot                      Shut down and reboot the system

10.29.2systemd-cgls – Vediamo il contenuto di un Cgroup

Giving as an administrator command

# systemd-cgls systemd:/system/smb.service

the terminal gives us the processes associated with the specified cgroup

systemd:/system/smb.service:

├ 16580 smbd -D

├ 16586 smbd -D

└ 16589 nmbd -D

Note that the list of cgroups created by the systemd you can get even launching the single command

# systemd-cgls

10.29.3Analyze the boot - systemd-analyze

Among the various features that provides, what we will involve more and 'parallelization starting services, with which they should be able to start at the same time and in the right time different service (. Service) in such a way as to obtain a boot more quickly and efficiently.
Installing the package systemd-tools will be made available commands that will allow us to analyze the boot in its most complete form as a function of process and execution times.

The commands to use to do this type of analysis are:

$ systemd-analyze time

Startup finished in 6.624s (kernel) + 15.950s (userspace) = 22.575s

by an indication of the timing of the boot dividing them into three main parts Kernel, initrd and userspace.

With the option BLAME we're going to check the execution time of each service there, but we have no indication of how many processes are started or run in parallel

$ systemd-analyze blame

         5.852s systemd-vconsole-setup.service

          4.516s network-up.service

          3.637s systemd-fsck-root.service

          3.364s mandriva-everytime.service

          2.726s kmod-static-nodes.service

          2.726s sys-kernel-debug.mount

          2.725s dev-mqueue.mount

          2.725s mandriva-kmsg-loglevel.service

          2.724s dev-hugepages.mount

          2.518s fedora-loadmodules.service

          2.496s tmp.mount

          2.015s network.service

          1.160s systemd-udev-trigger.service

           960ms resolvconf.service

           722ms NetworkManager.service

           707ms lm_sensors.service

  …............................

finally with

$ systemd-analyze plot > boot.svg

create a graph that represent processes over time also giving detail of parallelization

10.31PLYMOUTH - The graphical boot

The system that handles the issues that we see throughout the boot process is called plymouth. The OpenMandriva Lx 2013 running version 0.8.8.
In case you want to replace the theme, and then the look with which the system is presented to boot, we will need to know some commands.
Let's start by saying that the directory containing the themes resides in plymouth

/usr/share/plymouth/themes/

and that the list of installed themes (just inside the directory content themes you can see it with the command:

# plymouth-set-default-theme --list

which returns

details

OpenMandriva

text

Note that the command must be given as an administrator.
At this point we have to look on the repository or on kde-look the issue that most satisfies us.
If we find it on the repository (so to install software) simply select it and install it.
If we find it on the http:www.kde-look.org download and unpack the archive somewhere.
Take, for example, from the website http:www.kde-look.org the theme of the friends of MIB:
"MIB-Oxygen-Ultimate-Plymouth.tar.gz"
unpack it and copy it to the directory as an administrator in the right place with the command

# cp -rf MIB-Ossigeno-Ultimate-Plymouth /usr/share/plymouth/themes/

At this point the issue and 'available and we just have to set it as the theme to use, do we use the following command:

# plymouth-set-default-theme MIB-Ossigeno-Ultimate-Plymouth –rebuild-initrd

we can do is try restarting your computer

10.32Some information about Kontact, Nepomuk and Akonadi

If like me you normally use kontact and kmail mail, and then you will have already taken steps to install it from the repositories, you should know that Kontact and its components, as well as several properties of plasma, have started using akonadi as a centralized body to store and retrieve different types of personal information.
This centralization will provide several benefits in the future, but as always happens in the initial phase can cause several problems.

So we keep in mind a few simple steps and indicate some command to see the current status of the various services.

All major components of kontact use akonadi, and every time you start each program will start automatically even akonadi.
You can check the status of akonadi komando with the following:

$ akonadictl status

Akonadi Control: running

Akonadi Server: running

Akonadi Server Search Support: not available

This is the state after disabling nepomuk and strigi from the control center of KDE in the Desktop Search.
However, because kontact to work properly, you have the need to have akonadi and nepomuk running.
Important Note: It is not absolutely necessary to enable strigi (indexing of the desktop)

accordingly from the control center KDE select
SEARCH DESKTOP and supply of NEPOMUK enabling and disabling Strigi.
We give the command again to check the status of akonadi:

$ akonadictl status

Akonadi Control: running

Akonadi Server: running

Akonadi Server Search Support: available (backend: Virtuoso)

 

The resource PERSONAL CONTACTS normally tip to the directory:  ~/.local/share/contacts	NIn the first tab there are all the resources configured, then e-mail (pop or imap) section etc.. the add button allows access to a list of substantial resources to manage.
	Here we do not change anything  ….

Now we have virtually everything you need to run smoothly and many other programs kde kontact native.

11Settings and circumstances on 64bit systems

There would be no need to hold a separate section for these systems , just remember that the addition of the repositories you have to choose , of course, those 64bit .
Remember that in order to ensure compatibility with 32-bit programs are not yet adapted , or with some commercial software , you must install the 32bit repository . See the relevant section .
In the repository 32bit we can find , for example, audio and video codecs win32 -codecs

The problems with the proprietary programs such as , for example, flashplayer , are outdated , installing the plugins will follow exactly the same procedure used for 32-bit systems , then installing the package flash-player-plugin (you'll see that it will be marked x86 -64 ), which will download the appropriate version of flash -player without any need for further manual intervention.


Some libraries such as those for the correct reading of the DVDs have a slightly different name from the 32bit version to identify them, and

12Miscellaneous

12.1Filters for the Family

From OpenMandriva Control Center you can get a program dedicated to the protection of children while surfing the internet.
Often they are hesitant to leave their children on the internet, which is always a good way of learning and knowledge.
This system allows us to alleviate our fears, make it more enjoyable browsing and computer use to children, and give the temporal rules on the use of the PC and the network.

	Through the voice in MCC | Security | Filters for the family leads to the main window, but when you first access the following screen will appear with which we will enable access control ACL   Press YES
	A second notice will tell you to restart the computer, but we can anticipate the options chosen   Press OK
	In the main window you have the option of: 1) to enable a filter to stop you from going to sites potentially dangerous .... or else. 2) Restrict access to the network at a time very precise and limited in time. To do so, please mark a) "Enable Parental Controls" b) choose the level of control HIGH for Young Children MEDIUM for children BOULDER for larger (but I'm afraid that at that time they will manage the computer) c) Move in the right window, using the ADD button the user name "adults" that they will not use any filter and they will not have limitations.
Using the tabs Black List and Safe List you can change the filters making accessible or less some sites we know.

13Usefull Links

13.1LINUX

13.2DISTRIBUZIONI